NCLEX-PN Exam Questions - Part 44

1. Right Answer: C
Explanation: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an aerobic bacillus that requires a great deal of oxygen to grow and flourish. It needs highly oxygenated body sites, such as lungs, growing ends of bones, and the brain. The bacillus is airborne. Physiological Adaptation

2. Right Answer: D
Explanation: Syphilis is an acute and chronic treponemal disease characterized clinically by a primary lesion, a secondary eruption involving skin and mucous membranes, long periods of latency, and late lesions of skin, bone viscera, the CNS, and the cardiovascular system. The primary lesion (chancre) appears about three weeks after exposure as an indurated, painless ulcer with serous exudate at the site of initial invasion. Invasion of the bloodstream precedes development of the initial lesion, and a firm, nonfluctuant, painless lymph node (bubo) commonly follows.Infection might occur without a clinically evident chancre; that is, it might be in the rectum or on the cervix. After foursix weeks, even without specific treatment, the chancre begins to involute, and, in approximately one-third of untreated cases, a generalized secondary eruption appears, often accompanied by mild constitutional symptoms.This symmetrical maculopapular rash involving the palms and soles, with associated lymphadenopathy is classic.Secondary manifestations resolve spontaneously within weeks to 12 months. Again, about one-third of untreated cases of secondary syphilis become clinically latent for weeks to years. In the early years of latency, infectious lesions of the skin and mucous membranes might recur. Specific treatment includes long-acting penicillin G (benzathine penicillin), 2.4 million units given in a single IM dose on the day that primary, secondary or early latent syphilis is diagnosed. This ensures effective therapy, even if the client fails to return. Serologic testing is important to ensure adequate therapy. Tests are repeated three and six months after treatment and later as needed.In HIV-infected clients, testing should be repeated one, two, and three months after treatment, and at three-month intervals thereafter. Any fourfold titer rise indicates the need for retreatment. Physiological Adaptation

3. Right Answer: D
Explanation: Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted genital infection and is manifested in males primarily as urethritis and in females as mucopurulent cervicitis. Clinical manifestations of urethritis are often difficult to distinguish from gonorrhea and include mucopurulent discharges of scant or moderate quantity, urethral itching, and burning on urination. Possible complications or sequelae of male urethral infections include epididymitis, infertility, and Reiter syndrome. In homosexual men, receptive anorectal intercourse might result in chlamydial proctitis. In women, the clinical manifestations might be similar to those of gonorrhea and frequently present as a mucopurulent endocervical discharge, with edema, erythema, and easily induced endocervical bleeding caused by inflammation of the endocervical columnar epithelium. However, up to 70% of sexually active women with chlamydial infections are asymptomatic. Complications and sequelae include salpingitis with subsequent risk of infertility, ectopic pregnancy, or chronic pelvic pain. Asymptomatic chronic infections of the endometrium and fallopian tubes might lead to the same outcome. Physiological Adaptation

4. Right Answer: A
Explanation: The virus makes a DNA copy of its own RNA using the reverse transcriptase enzyme, and the DNA copy is inserted into the genetic material of the infected cell.Physiological Adaptation

5. Right Answer: C
Explanation: A sense of restored body integrity is an expected outcome for interventions related to disturbed body image.Adequate tissue perfusion is an outcome for risk of injury and risk of infection, not disturbed body image.Demonstrating behaviors that might reduce fears is an outcome for anxiety. Remaining free of infection is an outcome for risk of infection. Health Promotion andMaintenance