Published - Thu, 23 Feb 2023

NCLEX-PN Exam Questions - Part 66

1. Hormonal agents are used to treat some cancers. An example is:

A) thyroxine to treat thyroid cancer.
B) ACTH to treat adrenal carcinoma.
C) estrogen antagonists to treat breast cancer.
D) glucagon to treat pancreatic carcinoma.

2. Some drugs are excreted into bile and delivered to the intestines. Prior to elimination from the body, the drug might be absorbed. This process is known as:

A) hepatic clearance.
B) total clearance.
C) enterohepatic cycling.
D) first-pass effect.

3. The intravenous route is potentially the most dangerous route of drug administration because:

A) the IV might infiltrate.
B) it is expensive and nursing intensive.
C) rapid administration of a drug can lead to toxicity.
D) the client always has more side effects.

4. A complication of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is the development of cholestasis. What is this condition?

A) an inflammatory process of the extrahepatic bile ducts
B) an arrest of the normal flow of bile
C) an inflammation of the gallbladder
D) the formation of gallstones

5. Which of the following attitudes is essential in a nurse who assists clients during crises?

A) viewing crisis intervention as the first step in solving bigger problems
B) wanting to help clients solve all problems identified
C) taking an active role in guiding the process
D) feeling that work requires identification with all of a client - s problems

1. Right Answer: C
Explanation: Estrogen antagonists are used to treat estrogen hormone-dependent cancer, such as breast carcinoma. A wellknown estrogen antagonist used in breast cancer therapy is Tamoxifen (Nolvadex). This drug, in combination with surgery and other chemotherapeutic drugs, reduces breast cancer recurrence by 30%. Estrogen antagonists can also be administered to prevent breast cancer in women who have a strong family history of the disease. Thyroxine is a natural thyroid hormone.It does not treat thyroid cancer. ACTH is an anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the adrenal glands to release glucocorticoids; it does not treat adrenal cancer. Glucagon is a pancreatic alpha cell hormone that stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis; it does not treat pancreatic cancer. PharmacologicalTherapies

2. Right Answer: C
Explanation: Drugs and drug metabolites with molecular weights higher than 300 can be excreted via the bile, stored in the gallbladder, delivered to the intestines by the bile duct, and then reabsorbed into the circulation. This process reduces the elimination of drugs and prolongs their half-life and duration of action in the body. Choice1 is the amount of drug eliminated by the liver. Choice 2 is the sum of all types of clearance including renal, hepatic, and respiratory. Choice 4 is the amount of drug absorbed from the GI tract, then metabolized by the liver (reducing the amount of drug that makes it into circulation). Pharmacological Therapies

3. Right Answer: C
Explanation: The bioavailability of the injected medication is 100% and might lead to toxicity. An IV infiltration can cause serious problems with tissue necrosis, but this is not life threatening. Expensive and time consuming do not equate with dangerous. Choice 4 is not always true. Pharmacological Therapies

4. Right Answer: B
Explanation: Cholestasis due to TPN administration is an intrahepatic process that interrupts the normal flow of bile. Extrahepatic bile duct inflammation is cholangitis.Inflammation of the gallbladder is cholecystitis. Gallstones are formed by bile components. Pharmacological Therapies

5. Right Answer: A
Explanation: Viewing crisis intervention as the first step in solving bigger problems is essential in a nurse who assists clients during crises. Assessment of the present problem should be viewed as necessary. Time and limitations of crisis work need to be remembered. Complete diagnostic assessment is unnecessary, and unrelated material should not be explored. Referrals might be necessary for other identified problems. Psychosocial Integrity

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