Published - Thu, 23 Feb 2023

NCLEX-RN Exam Questions - Part 152

1. Cystic fibrosis is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. This means that:

A) Mothers carry the gene and pass it to their sons
B) Fathers carry the gene and pass it to their daughters
C) Both parents must have the disease for a child to have the disease
D) Both parents must be carriers for a child to have the disease

2. Diabetes mellitus is a disorder that affects 3.1 out of every 1000 children younger than 20 years old. It is characterized by an absence of, or marked decrease in, circulating insulin. When teaching a newly diagnosed diabetes client, the nurse includes information on the functions of insulin:

A) Transport of glucose into body cells and storage of glycogen in the liver
B) Glycogenolysis and facilitation of glucose use for energy
C) Glycogenolysis and catabolism
D) Catabolism and hyperglycemia

3. A 14-year-old boy has had diabetes for 7 years. He takes 30 U of NPH insulin and 10 U of regular insulin every morning at 7 AM. He eats breakfast at 7:30 AM and lunch at noon. What time should he expect the greatest risk for hypoglycemia?

A) 9 AM
B) 1 PM
C) 11 AM
D) 3 PM

4. A 16-year-old diabetic girl has been selected as a cheerleader at her school. She asks the nurse whether she should increase her insulin when she is planning to attend cheerleading practice sessions lasting from 8 to 11 AM. The most appropriate answer would be:

A) 'You should ask your doctor about this.'
B) 'Yes, increase your insulin by 1 U for each hour of practice because exercise causes the body to need more insulin.'
C) 'No, do not increase your insulin. Exercise will not affect your insulin needs.'
D) 'No, do not increase your insulin, but eating a snack prior to practice exercise will make insulin more effective and move more glucose into the cells.'

5. The physician decides to prescribe both a short-acting insulin and an intermediate-acting insulin for a newly diagnosed 8-year-old diabetic client. An example of a short-acting insulin is:

A) Novolin Regular
B) Humulin NPH
C) Lente Beef
D) Protamine zinc insulin

1. Right Answer: D
Explanation: (A) Cystic fibrosis is not an X-linked or sex-linked disease. (B) The only characteristic on the Y chromosome is the trait for hairy ears. (C) Both parents do not need to have the disease but must be carriers. (D) If a trait is recessive, two genes (one from each parent) are necessary to produce an affected child.

2. Right Answer: A
Explanation: (A) Lack of insulin causes glycogenolysis, catabolism, and hyperglycemia. (B) Insulin promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage and regulates the rate at which carbohydrates are used by cells for energy. (C) Insulin is anabolic in nature. (D) Glucose stimulates protein synthesis within the tissue and inhibits the breakdown of protein into amino acids.

3. Right Answer: C
Explanation: (A) This time is incorrect because regular insulin would peak after the teenager has eaten breakfast. (B) This time is incorrect because it is after lunch when theNPH peaks. (C) Regular insulin peaks in 23 hours and has a duration of 46 hours. NPH insulins onset is 46 hours and peaks in 816 hours. Blood sugar would peak after meals and be lowest before meals and during the night. (D) This time is incorrect because it is before the NPH and after the regular insulin peak times.

4. Right Answer: D
Explanation: (A) A nurse can give this information to a client. (B) Exercise makes insulin more efficient in moving more glucose into the cells. No more insulin is needed. (C)Exercise makes insulin more efficient unless the diabetes is poorly controlled. (D) Exercise makes insulin more efficient in moving more glucose into the cells.

5. Right Answer: A
Explanation: (A) Novolin is a short-acting insulin. (B, C) NPH and Lente are intermediate-acting insulins. (D) Protamine zinc insulin is a long-acting insulin preparation.

80% DISCOUNT: NCLEX-RN PRACTICE EXAMS