Published - Thu, 23 Feb 2023

NCLEX-RN Exam Questions - Part 84

1. An obstructing stone in the renal pelvis or upper ureter causes:

A) Radiating pain into the urethra with labia pain experienced in females or testicular pain in males
B) Urinary frequency and dysuria
C) Severe flank and abdominal pain with nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, and pallor
D) Dull, aching, back pain

2. A client who has gout is most likely to form which type of renal calculi?

A) Struvite stones
B) Staghorn calculi
C) Uric acid stones
D) Calcium stones

3. A 75-year-old client is hospitalized with pneumonia caused by gram-positive bacteria. Which one of the following best describes a gram-positive bacterial pneumonia?

A) Klebsiellapneumonia
B) Pneumococcal pneumonia
C) Legionella pneumophilapneumonia
D) Escherichia colipneumonia

4. The nurse caring for a client who has pneumonia, which is caused by a gram-positive bacteria, inspects her sputum. Because the clients pneumonia is caused by a gram-positive bacteria, the nurse experts to find the sputum to be:

A) Bright red with streaks
B) Rust colored
C) Green colored
D) Pink-tinged and frothy

5. The nurse who is caring for a client with pneumonia assesses that the client has become increasingly irritable and restless. The nurse realizes that this is a result of:

A) Prolonged bed rest
B) The client - s maintaining a semi-Fowler position
C) Cerebral hypoxia
D) IV fluids of 2.5 - 3 liters in 24 hours

1. Right Answer: C
Explanation: (A) Radiating pain in the urethra in both sexes, extending into the labia in females and into the testicle or penis in the male, indicates a stone in the middle or lower segment of the ureter. (B) Urinary frequency and dysuria are caused by a stone in the terminal segment of the ureter withinthe bladder wall. (C) An obstructing stone in the renal pelvis or upper ureter causes severe flank and abdominal pain with nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, and pallor. (D) Dull and aching pain may indicate early stages of hydronephrosis. Also, a stone in the renal pelvis or upper ureter causes severe flank and abdominal pain.

2. Right Answer: C
Explanation: (A) The presence of urinary tract infection is a factor in the formation of struvite stones. (B) Staghorn calculi is the other name for struvite stones associated with urinary tract infection. (C) Clients who have gout form uric acid stones. (D) Clients who have increased urinary excretion of calcium form calcium stones.

3. Right Answer: B
Explanation: (A)Klebsiellapneumonia is caused by gram-negative bacteria. (B) Pneumococcal pneumonia is caused by gram-positive bacteria. (C)Legionella pneumophilapneumonia is a nonbacterial pneumonia. (D)E. colipneumonia is caused by gram-negative bacteria.

4. Right Answer: B
Explanation: (A) Bright red sputum with streaks is associated with pneumonia caused by gram-negative bacteria, such asKlebsiellapneumonia. (B) Pneumococcal pneumonia, caused by gram-positive bacteria, has a characteristic productive cough with green or rust-colored sputum. (C) Green-colored sputum is more characteristic ofPseudomonasthan of gram-positive bacterial pneumonia. (D) Pink-tinged and frothy sputum is more characteristic of pulmonary edema than of gram-positive bacterial pneumonia.

5. Right Answer: C
Explanation: (A) Maintaining bed rest helps to decrease the O2 needs of the tissues, which decreases dyspnea and workload on the respiratory system. (B) The semi-Fowler or high-Fowler position is necessary to aid in lessening pressure on the diaphragm from the abdominal organs, which facilitates comfort and easier breathing patterns. (C) Cerebral hypoxia causes the client with pneumonia to be increasingly irritable and restless and results from the client not obtaining enough O2 to meet metabolic needs. (D) Proper hydration facilitates liquefaction of mucus trapped in the bronchioles and alveoli and enhances expectoration. Unless contraindicated, a reasonable amount of IV fluids to be administered is at least 2.53 liters in a 24-hour period.

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